Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Abscisic Acid and Glycine Betaine Mediated Tolerance Mechanisms under Drought Stress and Recovery in Axonopus compressus : A New Insight

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63447-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of drought stress and subsequent re-watering on superoxide dismutase (SOD) ( a – c ), peroxidase (POD) ( d – f ), catalase (CAT) ( g – i ) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) ( j – l ) in A-58, A-38 and A-59 accessions of A. compressus . The measurements were done at one week after drought (1-WAD), two weeks after drought (2-WAD) and five days after re-watering (5-DARW). Bars are mean ± SE of three replications (n = 3). The bars having the same letters don’t differ significantly at p ≤ 0.05.

Article Snippet: Figure 5 Effect of drought stress and subsequent re-watering on superoxide dismutase (SOD) ( a – c ), peroxidase (POD) ( d – f ), catalase (CAT) ( g – i ) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) ( j – l ) in A-58, A-38 and A-59 accessions of A. compressus .

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science

Article Title: Brassinosteroids Positively Regulate Plant Immunity via BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1-Mediated GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE 8 Transcription

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854899

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antioxidant system induced by BRs after infection. (A) Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining for observing superoxide accumulation at 1 dpi. (B) The superoxide content in the infected leaves at 1 dpi. Bar, 1.00 cm. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) (C) , peroxidase (POD) (D) , catalase (CAT) (E) , and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (F) . Bars represent mean ± SD obtained from three biological replicates per genotype and time point, superoxide content or the activities of the antioxidant enzymes measured from five leaves of each genotype and treatment were pooled for one replicate. (G,H) Relative expression levels of defense-related genes PR1 and PR2. The expression of ACTIN2 was used as an internal reference. Data presented are mean ± SD from three independent experiments. Significant differences ( P < 0.05) are denoted by different lowercase letters.

Article Snippet: The Catalase (CAT) Activity Assay Kit (BC0205, Solarbio), the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity Detection Kit (BC0170, Solarbio), the Peroxidase (POD) Activity Detection Kit (BC0090, Solarbio), and the Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) Activity Assay Kit (BC0220, Solarbio) were used to detect the activity of CAT, SOD, POD, and APX, respectively.

Techniques: Infection, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science

Article Title: Brassinosteroids Positively Regulate Plant Immunity via BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1-Mediated GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE 8 Transcription

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854899

Figure Lengend Snippet: Brassinosteroid signaling enhances the antioxidant system to defend against pathogens. (A) NBT staining for observing superoxide accumulation at 1 dpi in Col-0, BRI1OX , bes1-D , and BES1-RNAi. Bar, 1.00 cm. (B) The superoxide content in the infected leaves at 1 dpi. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD (C) , POD (D) , CAT (E) , and APX (F) . Bars represent mean ± SD obtained from three biological replicates per genotype and time point, superoxide content or the activities of the antioxidant enzymes measured from five leaves of each genotype and treatment were pooled for one replicate. (G,H) Relative expression levels of defense-related genes PR1 and PR2. The expression of ACTIN2 was used as an internal reference. Data presented are mean ± SD from three independent experiments. Significant differences ( P < 0.05) are denoted by different lowercase letters.

Article Snippet: The Catalase (CAT) Activity Assay Kit (BC0205, Solarbio), the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity Detection Kit (BC0170, Solarbio), the Peroxidase (POD) Activity Detection Kit (BC0090, Solarbio), and the Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) Activity Assay Kit (BC0220, Solarbio) were used to detect the activity of CAT, SOD, POD, and APX, respectively.

Techniques: Staining, Infection, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science

Article Title: Brassinosteroids Positively Regulate Plant Immunity via BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1-Mediated GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE 8 Transcription

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854899

Figure Lengend Snippet: Brassinosteroid-induced disease resistance partially depends on GSL8 . (A) Typical Pst DC3000 infection symptoms in Col-0, BL, gsl8-1 , and BL + gsl8-1. Pictures were taken at 3 and 5 dpi, respectively. Bar, 1.00 cm. (B) Total chlorophyll content in inoculated leaves was detected in planta at 3 dpi. (C) Bacterial growth in the inoculated leaves was detected in planta. Bacteria were isolated from plants at 1 dpi and quantified with gradient dilution assays. (D) Callose deposition in infected leaves at 1 dpi. Callose deposition was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Bar, 200 μm. (E) Number of callose deposition in the 5.5 mm 2 microscopic fields. Callose deposition was counted in 8–12 microscopic fields of 5.5 mm 2 from 8 to 12 different leaves and three biological repeats. (F) The superoxide content in the infected leaves at 1 dpi. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD (G) , POD (H) , CAT (I) , and APX (J) . (K,L) Relative expression levels of defense-related genes PR1 and PR2. Data presented are mean ± SD from three independent experiments. The expression of ACTIN2 was used as an internal reference. Significant differences ( P < 0.05) are denoted by different lowercase letters.

Article Snippet: The Catalase (CAT) Activity Assay Kit (BC0205, Solarbio), the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity Detection Kit (BC0170, Solarbio), the Peroxidase (POD) Activity Detection Kit (BC0090, Solarbio), and the Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) Activity Assay Kit (BC0220, Solarbio) were used to detect the activity of CAT, SOD, POD, and APX, respectively.

Techniques: Infection, Isolation, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Expressing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: An Endophytic Bacterial Consortium modulates multiple strategies to improve Arsenic Phytoremediation Efficacy in Solanum nigrum

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25306-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: L . camara endophyte consortium augmented ROS production and anti-oxidative defense in S . nigrum . ( A ) Young leaves of endophyte consortium-treated and uninoculated plants grown in presence or absence of 25 ppm As were stained with 0.05% NBT 4wpi and visualized under a stereo microscope M205FA. Scale bar = 5 mm. ( B ) ROS production in chloroplasts of plants treated with As and endophytes. Scale bar = 50 µm. ( C and D ) Total glutathione content ( C ) and GSH/GSSG ratio ( D ) of endophyte consortium-treated plants were compared with untreated plants grown in presence of As. n = 14. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.0001 (unpaired two-tailed t-test). ( E – I ) Antioxidant enzyme activities were measured in root and shoot of endophyte consortium-treated and uninoculated plants grown in presence or absence of As. Glutathione Reductase (GR) ( E ), glutathione S-transferase (GST) ( F ), glutaredoxin ( G ), peroxidase (POX) ( H ) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities ( I ) were plotted using GraphPad Prism5. n = 10 (each in 2 experimental replicates). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.0001, ns = no significance (endophyte-treated vs uninoculated; Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. (Df for As:1, for endophytes:1, for interaction:1, error:36).

Article Snippet: Glutathione Reductase (GR) ( E ), glutathione S-transferase (GST) ( F ), glutaredoxin ( G ), peroxidase (POX) ( H ) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities ( I ) were plotted using GraphPad Prism5. n = 10 (each in 2 experimental replicates).

Techniques: Staining, Microscopy, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science

Article Title: Transcriptomic and physiological responses of Quercus acutissima and Quercus palustris to drought stress and rewatering

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1430485

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of drought stress and re-watering on drought stress hormones and antioxidants in Quercus acutissima and Quercus palustris . (A, H) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. (B, I) Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. (C, J) Catalase (CAT) activity. (D, K) Peroxidase (POD) activity. (E, L) Glutathione Reductase (GR). (F, M) Abscisic acid (ABA) content. (G, N) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (ANOVA with Tukey’s honestly significant difference test, p <0.05). (A–G) : Q. acutissima ; (H–N) : Q. palustris ).

Article Snippet: SOD, CAT, APX, POD, and GR activities were determined using specific assay kits: SOD assay kit (cat. DG-SOD400, Dogen, Seoul, Korea), CAT assay kit (cat. DG-CAT400, Dogen), APX kit (MBS2602897, MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA), POD ELISA kit (MBS9313803, MyBioSource), and GR microplate assay kit (MBS8243195, MyBioSource).

Techniques: Activity Assay